The Federalist No. 6: Dissensions Between the States - A Call for Realism and Unity

Introduction

In Federalist Paper No. 6, Alexander Hamilton engages in a candid exploration of the perils arising from internal discord among the newly formed states. Addressing the readers of the Independent Journal, Hamilton articulates a compelling argument concerning the dangers posed not only by foreign threats but, more significantly, by internal dissensions and domestic factionalism. This blog post aims to dissect Hamilton's insights, shedding light on the pertinence of his concerns in today's complex political landscape.

Inherent Human Tendencies and the Need for Unity

Hamilton opens by challenging idealistic notions that downplay the potential for conflicts between states. With a keen understanding of human nature, he argues that ambitions, vindictiveness, and rapacious inclinations make it unrealistic to expect harmony between wholly disunited or partially confederated states. The accumulated wisdom of ages and a pragmatic view of human behavior, he contends, necessitate a more realistic evaluation of the challenges posed by internal dissensions.

Personal Motivations and Historical Precedents

Drawing from historical examples, Hamilton illustrates how personal motivations of influential individuals can spark destructive conflicts. From Pericles' war with the SAMNIANS to the ambition-driven cardinal precipitating wars in Europe, he highlights the perilous consequences when personal interests supersede national tranquility. The case of Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts serves as a closer-to-home example, where desperate financial circumstances ignited a civil war.

Commerce, National Interest, and Misguided Utopian Ideals

Hamilton rebuts optimistic assertions that the spirit of commerce and mutual interest would naturally prevent conflicts among states. He questions the feasibility of perpetual peace and mutual amity, asserting that momentary passions and immediate interests often supersede abstract considerations of policy, utility, or justice. Historical examples of wars grounded in commercial motives challenge the notion that commercial republics, like the United States, are immune to ruinous contentions.

Proximity as a Source of Discord

Hamilton introduces a political axiom that deems nations in close proximity as natural enemies unless bound in a confederate republic. He contends that the geographic nearness of states can instigate secret jealousies, leading to conflicts. The need for a constitution and a confederate structure becomes the suggested remedy to counteract the inherent evils of proximity.

Conclusion: Realism Over Idealism

In conclusion, Hamilton's Federalist Paper No. 6 serves as a clarion call for a realistic appraisal of the challenges posed by internal dissensions. His insights, rooted in historical context and a deep understanding of human nature, caution against embracing utopian ideals. As we reflect on his words, we are compelled to acknowledge the enduring relevance of unity in mitigating internal strife and fostering a harmonious national existence.